Publishing Fine-Grained Standardized Metadata: Lessons Learned from Three Research Data Centers

Abstract

FAIRness of research data, meaning that data are managed according to the principles of being Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable, has become a ubiquitous requirement in research data policies as well as in general guidelines for research data management. Meeting this requirement largely depends on the availability of rich and standardized DDI metadata—based on the Data Documentation Initiative family of metadata standards—which is of particular importance for tabular data resulting from surveys and other structured observations, is often lacking (Wenzig and Han, 2024). The lack of such metadata can largely be attributed to the absence of lightweight approaches that integrate its creation into existing data preparation workflows. Against this background, a project funded by KonsortSWD-NFDI4Society brought together three research data centers (SOEP, LIfBi, and FDZ-DZHW) to investigate the requirements for converting existing metadata into a standardized DDI format and publishing it using a common protocol (OAI-PMH). The results demonstrate that generating fine-grained DDI-metadata is easy to implement, even with limited resources. Contrary to expectations, OAI-PMH did not prove to be a straightforward approach for publishing metadata. Based on these findings, the authors evaluate FAIR signposting as an alternative approach, which shows considerable potential. The results of this study may therefore serve as a best-practice example for institutions, especially from survey-based research domains seeking to implement fine-grained standardized DDI metadata, as well as a starting point for further research on approaches to publishing fine-grained standardized metadata.