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DIW Discussion Papers 966 / 2009
When unemployed persons go into business, they often are characterized as necessity entrepreneurs, because push factors, namely their unemployment, likely prompted their decision. In contrast to this, business founders who have been previously employed represent opportunity entrepreneurs because pull factors provide the rationale for their decision. However, a data set of nearly 1,900 business start-ups ...
2009| Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos
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DIW Discussion Papers 965 / 2009
Economic reasons along with cultural affinities and the existence of networks have been the main determinants explaining migration flows between home and host countries. This paper reconsiders these approaches combined with the gravity model and empirically tests the hypothesis that ex-colonial links can still play an important role in the emigration decision. We employ a general linear mixed model, ...
2009| Amelie F. Constant, Bienvenue N. Tien
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DIW Discussion Papers 964 / 2009
This chapter investigates the integration processes of immigrants in Germany by comparing certain immigrant groups to natives differentiating by gender and immigrant generation. Indicators which are supposed to capture cultural integration of immigrants are differences in marital behavior as well as language abilities, ethnic identification and religious distribution. A special feature of the available ...
2009| Amelie F. Constant, Olga Nottmeyer, Klaus F. Zimmermann
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DIW Discussion Papers 963 / 2009
This paper is based on recently collected and rich survey data of a representative sample of entrants into unemployment in Germany. Our data include a large number of migration variables, allowing us to adapt a recently developed concept of ethnic identity: the ethnosizer. To shed further light on the native-migrant differences in economic outcomes, we investigate the labor market reintegration, patterns ...
2009| Amelie Constant, Martin Kahanec, Ulf Rinne, Klaus F. Zimmermann
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DIW Discussion Papers 962 / 2009
This paper provides an empirical demonstration for a practical approach of efficiency evaluation against the background of limited data availability in some regulated industries. Here, traditional DEA may result in a lack of discriminatory power when high numbers of variables but only limited observations are available. We apply PCA-DEA for radial efficiency measurement to US natural gas transmission ...
2009| Maria Nieswand, Astrid Cullmann, Anne Neumann
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DIW Discussion Papers 961 / 2009
We analyze the choices between two technologies A and B that both exhibit network effects. We introduce a critical mass game in which coordination on either one of the standards constitutes a Nash equilibrium outcome while coordination on standard B is assumed to be payoff-dominant. We present a heuristic definition of a critical mass and show that the critical mass is inversely related to the mixed ...
2009| Claudia Keser, Irina Suleymanova, Christian Wey
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DIW Discussion Papers 960 / 2009
We analyze the technical efficiency of German and Swiss urban public transport companies by means of SFA. In transport networks we might face different network structures or complexities, not observed, but influencing the production process. The unobserved factors are typically modeled as separable factors. However, we argue that the entire production process is organized around different network structures. ...
2009| Astrid Cullmann, Mehdi Farsi, Massimo Filippini
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DIW Discussion Papers 959 / 2009
We provide the description and illustrative results of the World Gas Model, a multi-period complementarity model for the global natural gas market. Market players include producers, traders, pipeline and storage operators, LNG liquefiers and regasifiers as well as marketers. The model data set contains more than 80 countries and regions and covers 98% of world wide natural gas production and consumption. ...
2009| Ruud Egging, Franziska Holz, Steven A. Gabriel
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DIW Discussion Papers 958 / 2009
Der vorliegende Beitrag ist eine Metaanalyse von 99 deutschen Bevölkerungssurveys aus dem GESIS-Datenarchiv, in denen die postmaterialistische Einstellung der Befragten ermittelt wird. Es wird anhand von Mehrebenenmodellen gezeigt, dass sich der Anteil der Postmaterialisten unter Kontrolle von Geburtsjahr der Befragten und Erhebungsjahr des Surveys überzufällig zwischen den Surveys unterscheidet. Diese ...
2009| Jan Marcus
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DIW Discussion Papers 957 / 2009
This chapter deals with the economic and ethnic diversity caused by international labor migration, and their economic integration possibilities. It brings together three strands of literature dealing with the neoclassical economic assimilation, ethnic identities and attitudes towards immigrants and the natives, and provides an analysis in understanding their interactions. The issue of how immigrants ...
2009| Amelie Constant, Klaus F. Zimmermann
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DIW Discussion Papers 956 / 2009
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive multivariate cointegration analysis of three parts of the steam coal value chain - export, transport and import prices. The analysis is based on a rich dataset of international coal prices; in particular, we combine data on steam coal prices with freight rates, covering the period December 2001 until August 2009 at weekly frequency. We then test whether the ...
2009| Aleksandar Zaklan, Astrid Cullmann, Anne Neumann, Christian von Hirschhausen
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DIW Discussion Papers 955 / 2009
The female share in management positions is quite low in Germany. The higher the hierarchical level, the fewer women there are in such positions. Men have numerous role models to follow whereas women lack this opportunity: In the executive boards of the top 200 private companies in Germany, only 2.5 percent of members are female. Many studies have focused on the influence of human capital and other ...
2009| Simon Fietze, Elke Holst, Verena Tobsch
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DIW Discussion Papers 954 / 2009
We analyze in this paper the impact of male-dominated migration and remittance income on the participation and hours worked decisions of adults left behind, including the hours spent by women in subsistence and domestic work. We differentiate between a 'pure' migration ("M") effect and the joint effect of migration and remittance income ("MR") and evaluate these effects for men and women separately. ...
2009| Christine Binzel, Ragui Assaad
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DIW Discussion Papers 953 / 2009
Die aktuellen Finanzmarktturbulenzen wurden durch Entwicklungen im Immobiliensektor ausgelöst. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert dieser Beitrag den Zusammenhang zwischen den Immobilienpreisen und der Geldmengen- und Kreditvolumensentwicklung für den Zeitraum 1992 -2006 (westdeutsche Preisdaten) bzw. 1997 bis 2006 (ostdeutsche Preisdaten). Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich erstmals auf die Bundesrepublik ...
2009| Ansgar Belke
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DIW Discussion Papers 952 / 2009
This paper examines the importance of different economic sentiments, e.g. consumer moods, for the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) during the transition process. We first analyze the importance of economic confidence with respect to the CEEC's financial markets. Since the integration of formerly strongly regulated markets into global markets can also lead to an increase of the dependence ...
2009| Ansgar Belke, Joscha Beckmann, Michael Kühl
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DIW Discussion Papers 951 / 2009
We use a quantitative electricity market model to analyze the welfare effects of refunding a share of the emission trading proceeds to support renewable energy technologies that are subject to experience effects. We compare effects of supporting renewable energies under both perfect and oligopolistic competition with competitive fringe firms and emission trading regimes that achieve 70 and 80 percent ...
2009| Thure Traber, Claudia Kemfert
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DIW Discussion Papers 950 / 2009
In order to calculate the burden of a comprehensive and progressive income tax falling on a certain income source, an apportionment scheme for the entire tax burden has to be chosen. This raises the question of how to deal with losses, which is relevant for Germany in view of the heavy losses from renting. Using micro data from tax statistics we analyze the income tax shares of functional income sources ...
2009| Stefan Bach, Hermann Buslei
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DIW Discussion Papers 949 / 2009
This paper aims to examine the relative efficiency of German engineering firms using a sample of roughly 23,000 observations between 1995 and 2004. As these firms had been successful in the examination period in terms of output- and export-growth, it is expected that a majority of firms is operating quite efficiently and that the density of efficiency scores is skewed to the left. Moreover, as the ...
2009| Alexander Schiersch
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DIW Discussion Papers 948 / 2009
The estimation of the costs of conflict is currently receiving a lot of attention in the literature. This paper aims to give a thorough overview of the existing literature, first by addressing the history of case studies that address conflict costs and second by looking at the existing body of cross-country analyses for conflict costs. In addition to the existing cross-country literature, a number ...
2009| Olaf J. de Groot, Tilman Brück, Carlos Bozzoli
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DIW Discussion Papers 947 / 2009
In this paper, we develop the game-theoretic electricity market model ElStorM that includes the possibility of strategic electricity storage. We apply the model to the German electricity market and analyze different realistic and counterfactual cases of strategic and non-strategic pumped hydro storage utilization by different players. We find that the utilization of storage capacities depends on the ...
2009| Wolf-Peter Schill, Claudia Kemfert