As building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) solutions can meet around one-third of electricity demand in Germany and China, both countries are interested in exploring this potential. PV technologies have demonstrated significant price reductions, but large-scale global application of PV requires further technology improvements and cost reductions along the value chain. We analyze policies in Germany and ...
Policy makers have long favored command-and-control (CAC) methods to tackle environmental damage. The number of CAC policies devoted to environmental protection has increased steadily since the 1950s and have been a large part of the overall portfolio of environmental laws andregulation in the industrialized world. Schmitt and Schulze (2011) document that between 1970 and 2011 the two most prevalent ...
An increased flexibility of the electricity demand side through demand response (DR) is an opportunity to support the integration of renewable energies. By optimising the use of the generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure, DR reduces the need for costly investments and contributes to system security. There is a significant technical DR potential for load reduction from industrial production ...
Der Anteil der Solarenergie an der Stromversorgung in Deutschland hat sich rasant entwickelt, von weniger als einem Prozent in 2008 auf 5,7% in 2014. Die große Kostendegression in dem Zeitraum zog starke Vergütungssatzsenkungen nach sich. Seit circa 2012 liegt diese Vergütung unter dem Strombezugspreis von Haushalten (die sogenannte „Netzparität“). Dieses hat zur Folge, dass Haushalte mit Photovoltaik ...
The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has been implemented to provide a common climate policy instrument across European Union countries, to contribute to a credible investment perspective for low-carbon investors and support further European integration of energy markets. Thus the EU ETS is a key element of the European Energy Union.However, given the accumulation of a large surplus ...
Das reformierte Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz 2014 testet für Photovoltaik Freiflächenanlagen Ausschreibungen zur Festlegung der Marktprämien. Durch eine Preisfindung über Auktionen erhofft man sich eine effektivere Kontrolle des Ausbaus und eine höhere Effizienz der Förderung. Allerdings unterscheiden sich die internationalen Erfahrungen mit Ausschreibungen für erneuerbare Energien stark hinsichtlich ...
Der deutsche Atomausstieg in 2022 und die gleichzeitig stetig steigende Stromerzeugung durch fluktuierende Wind- und Sonnenenergie heizen in Deutschland, wie in Europa, seit geraumer Zeit eine Diskussion um die Versorgungssicherheitauf dem Strommarkt an. Dabei ist völlig unklar, wie Versorgungssicherheit – vor allem in der mittleren und langen Frist – gemessen werden soll. Das Fehlen eines klaren Konzeptes ...
In response to an imbalance between the demand and supply of permits within the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the European Commission has proposed the introduction of a Market Stability Reserve (MSR). The MSR represents a quantity based automatic adjustment mechanism, which is designed to tackle the current surplus and introduce a degree of flexibility, allowing the system to respond ...
Germany's energy transition is progressing. Renewable energy sources already cover more than half of Germany's electricity demand. However, as the share of variable wind and solar energy increases, so do the fluctuations in electricity generation. Consequently, flexibility on the supply and demand side of the electricity market is becoming increasingly important. This can be achieved in particular ...
