Generational variation and life‑course accumulation of social inequalities in all-cause mortality in Germany: a cohort-sequential study

Abstract

Social inequalities in mortality persist as a public health challenge across Europe, including Germany, despite significant health gains. Research shows a lasting social gradient in survival. However, comprehensive longitudinal evidence on cohort and life-course dynamics is limited. We examine trends in social inequalities in all-cause mortality, cohort differences, and whether cumulative low-SES exposure raises mortality risk over the life course.