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Refereed essays Web of Science
Decisions to invest in human capital depend on people's time preferences. This paper shows that differences in patience are closely related to substantial subnational differences in educational achievement, leading to new perspectives on longstanding within-country disparities. We use social-media data – Facebook interests – to construct novel regional measures of patience within Italy and the United ...
In:
The Economic Journal
136 (2026), 673, S. 335–350
| Eric A Hanushek, Lavinia Kinne, Pietro Sancassani, Ludger Woessmann
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Refereed essays Web of Science
Research has consistently shown that lower earnings for women and higher earnings for men are generally regarded as fair by both women and men. Previous research has focused on structural factors to explain this phenomenon, but has neglected proximate relationships at work. This study examines how the supervisors’ gender relates to employees’ justice attitudes toward the earnings of men and women. ...
In:
Socio-Economic Review
24 (2026), 2, S. 1169–1192
| Jule Adriaans, Carsten Sauer, Anja Kirsch, Katharina Wrohlich
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Refereed essays Web of Science
In 2001, Germany abolished public occupational disability insurance (ODI)—the second tier of its public DI system—for cohorts born after 1960. Using administrative data, we first document that, in the long run, overall DI inflows declined by roughly one-third. Second, using representative survey data, we document at best modest ODI insurance take-up responses in the private individual, risk-rated market, ...
In:
The Review of Economics and Statistics
(2026), im Ersch. [online first: 2026-05-14]
| Yaming Cao, Björn Fischer-Weckemann, Johannes Geyer, Nicolas Ziebarth
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Refereed essays Web of Science
In this paper, I examine behavioral responses to inheritance and gift taxes using administrative microdata from Brazil, in a context where taxpayers knew three months in advance that tax rates would increase. I document four findings. First, gifts surge by about 300% just before the reform takes effect. Second, estate filings fall by 30%, largely because small estates become exempt. Third, taxable ...
In:
Journal of Public Economics
261 (2026), 105720, 13 S.
| Gedeão Locks
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Refereed essays Web of Science
BACKGROUND Parenting leave policies shape how caregiving and paid work can be reconciled around the time of childbirth. They have important implications for fertility, employment, and gender equality. Still, there are limited quantitative cross-country data capturing longterm policy changes that impact how long parents can temporarily be away from work to care for their children, and how leave can ...
In:
Demographic Research
543 (2026, Art. 31, S. 987-1008
| Sonja Spitzer, Adèle Lemoine, Zhanxiong Song, Claudia Reiter, Angela Greulich, Agneta Herlitz, Alžběta Bártová, Elisa Brini, Zuzana Dančíková, Dovilė Galdauskaitė, Libertad González, Evi Hatzivarnava-Kazassi, Helena Honkaniemi, Sol Pía Juárez, Rannveig Kaldager Hart, Ida Lykke Kristiansen, Anna Kurowska, Katre Pall, Barbara Pertold-Gebicka, Tatjana Rakar, Tapio Räsänen, Konstantina Rentzou, Pedro Romero Balsas, Eva-Maria Schmidt, Laurène Thil, Dora Tuda, Lili Vargha, Daniele Vignoli, Sander Wagner, Katharina Wrohlich
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Refereed essays Web of Science
This paper estimates and analyzes the distribution and composition of pre-tax national income in Germany since reunification, combining personal income tax returns, household survey data, and national accounts. We find that pre-tax national income inequality has increased since the 1990s, though to a lesser extent than suggested by previous studies. Our results draw parallels in top income structure ...
In:
European Economic Review
181 (2026),105149, 19 S.
| Stefan Bach, Charlotte Bartels, Theresa Neef
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Refereed essays Web of Science
Arrivals of crises often trigger public appeals from policy leaders, attempting to encourage crisis-mitigating behaviors. We ask whether the tone of an appeal changes its effectiveness, and to what extent policymakers know what tone to use. Using a controlled experiment in a large, general-population sample, we first study the impact of appeals and of their emotional tone on contributions to a well-defined ...
In:
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
246 (2026), 107578, 16 S.
| Peter Haan, Lea Heursen, Jule Specht, Bruno Veltri, Georg Weizsäcker
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Refereed essays Web of Science
Health and well‐being in the family context can be affected by care giving arrangements. Following parental care and daycare, grandparents are the third most important care givers for children in many Western societies. Despite the relevance of grandparental care, there is little evidence on the causal effects of this care mode on the next generations' health and well‐being. In this paper, we fill ...
In:
Health Economics
(2026), im Ersch. [online first: 2025-12-17]
| Mara Barschkett, C. Katharina Spiess, Elena Ziege
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Refereed essays Web of Science
This paper estimates child penalties in labour-market-relevant cognitive skills, such as numeracy but also literacy and problem-solving competencies. We use international PIAAC data and adapt a pseudo-panel approach to a single cross-section covering 29 countries. Numeracy scores, which are associated with the largest returns to skills and pronounced gender differences, decline by 0.11 standard deviations ...
In:
European Economic Review
184 (2026), 105245, 18 S.
| Jonas Jessen, Lavinia Kinne, Michele Battisti
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Refereed essays Web of Science
We examine the additivity of expectations over different time intervals. For example, when asked about 10-year stock price growth, survey respondents report an expected change that is not equal to, but closer to zero than, the sum of their expectations over two shorter time intervals that cover the same 10 years. Such subadditivity, which we also find in expectations for other economic variables, is ...
In:
Management Science
(2026), im Ersch.[online first:2025-11-18]
| Peter Haan, Chen Sun, Uwe Sunde, Georg Weizsäcker